The Cell part I
Well, I had to start somewhere I guess this is as good as any place. The body is made up on trillions of these little things. Its the smallest living unit in the body which has quite a bit going on inside.
Cell defined as the smallest living unit of structure and function Humans have 46 chromosomes in each cell. Verses the largest cell in the body the ovum and the smallest cell in the human body the sperm. There are three major parts of the Human cell Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and the nucleus. The most superficial or surrounding outside area of the cell is the plasma membrane. The substance inside the cell is the cytoplasm.
The command center of the human cell is the nucleus from there we move on to the gatekeeper or “bouncer” the selectively permeable membrane or the plasma membrane which is made up of phospholipids and cholesterol. The Cytoplasm of cell glue which is “living matter” Contains the organelles.
The nucleus contains DNA which directs activity of the organelles within the cell structure. The nucleus controls mitosis surrounded by the nuclear membrane. Nucleoplasm is the “stuff on the inside” of the nucleus. Nucleoplasm contains nucleolus which programs the formation of ribosomes and chromatin. Chromatin is the little bits of the DNA, immature genetic material of the DNA strand.
The rough Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER) is an organelle that consists of sacs and canals it uses ribosomes to synthesize proteins within the cell. The smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER) synthesizes lipids or fats, its smooth because the ribosomes are at the saturation point on the smooth ER. The ribosomes are an organelle Protein factory which create RNA. An organelle that processes molecules from the ER It does the “packaging” and “transportation” of carbs and proteins inside the cell is called the golgi apparatus. The organelle “power house” of the cell is the Mitochondria which turns glucose into ATP. The organelle which then cleans up or digests waste or old organelles is the lysosomes within the cell. The Cilia is an organelle that acts like little feet to move the cell around and finally the Flagella which is found on the sperm cell is the tail which helps it propel forward to find the ovum and fertilize the egg.
ATP is also known as Adenosine triphosphate is the chemical used as energy in the Mitochondria in the creation of energy for the cell so it can do everything that it needs to. The “stuff” inside the nucleus contains nucleolus and chromatin. Lysosomes are the cleaners of the cell and are also known as “suicide bags” because they give up their life for the cell.
The nucleolus programs the formation of ribosomes within the nucleus. Chromatin is the little bits of DNS; or immature genetic material within the double helix of DNA. Mitosis begins teh process of cell division During this process the DNA molecules turning into chromosomes start the mitosis process.
Active transport requires cellular energy from ATP produced in mitochondria and Low to high concentration movement of ribosomes in the cell like salmon swimming upstream. Passive transport takes no cellular energy to perform it is also the movement from high to low concentration which is also like someone floating on a raft down a lazy river. Passive transport is has two types diffusion and filtration. Diffusion is the process by which substances scatter evenly throughout an available space. Like coffee creamer or aromatherapy does with the cream or the sent of a room. In diffusion there are also two types which are osmosis and dialysis. Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a permeable membrane, where as dialysis is also diffusion across a permeable membrane but in dialysis the solute also crosses the membrane with the water. Filtration on the other hand is diffusion of water and a solute which are pushed thru the membrane by hydrostatic pressure. For example the making of coffee in a coffee maker is the process of filtration. The three types of active transportation are ion pump, phagocytes and pinocytosis. An ion pump is also known as permease system in which ions move access the membrane against the concentration gradient and are a protein structure in the cell membrane called a carrier. Phagocytes is the cell eating another cell similar to pacman the video game, where as pinocytosis is the cell sucking another cell dry.
